SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS AND APPLIANCES

Altimeter is a special type of aneroid barometer, used in measuring altitudes.

Ammeter is an instrument to measure the strength of an electric current.

Anemometer is an instrument to measure the velocity and find the direction of the wind.

Audiometer is an instrument to measure difference in hearing.

Barometer is used for measuring atmospheric pressure.

Binocular is an optical instrument designed for magnified view of distant objects by both eyes simultaneously.

Calorimeter is an instrument for measuring quantities of heat.

Chronometer is a clock to determine longitude of a vessel of sea.

Clinical Thermometer is a thermometer for measuring the temperature of human body.

Calorimeter is an instrument for comparing intensities of colour.

Commutator is an instrument to change of reverse the direction of an electric current. In dynamo used to convert the alternating current into direct current.

Computer is a technical device designed to find instantaneous solutions of huge and complex calculation based on the information already fed.

Dynamo is a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Electroscope is an instrument for detecting the presence of electric charge.

Galvanometer is an instrument for measuring electric current.

Hydrometer is an instrument for measuring the relative density of liquids.

Hydrophone is an instrument for measuring sound under water.

Hygrometer is an instrument for measuring the relative humidity of the atmosphere.

Hygroscope is an instrument to show the changes in atmospheric humidity.

Lactometer is an instrument for measuring the relative density of milk.

Micrometer is an instrument used for accurately measuring small distances or angles.

Manometer is instrument to measure the pressure of gases.

Magnetometer is an instrument used to compare the magnetic moments and fields,

Mariner's Compass is an apparatus for determining direction, graduated to indicate 33 directions. The "N" point on the dial indicates north pole and the "S" point, south pole.

Microscope is an instrument for magnified view of very small objects.

Periscope is an apparatus for viewing objects lying above the eye level of the observer and whose direct vision is obstructed. It consists of a tube bent twice at right angles and having plane mirrors at these bends inclined at angles of 45 to the tube.

Photometer is an instrument for comparing the luminous intensity of the sources of light.

Planimeter is a mechanical integrating instrument to measure area of a plane surface.

Pyknometer is an instrument used to measure the density and co-efficient of expansion of liquid.

Pyrheliometer is an instrument for measuring solar radiations.

Pyrometers are thermometers to measure high temperatures.

Quadrant is an instrument for measuring altitudes and angles in navigation and astronomy.

Quartz clock is a highly accurate clock used in astronomical observations and other precision work.

Radio micrometer is an instrument for measuring heat radiations.

Rain gauge is an instrument for measuring rainfall.

Refractometer is an instrument used to measure the refractive index of a substance.

Resistance thermometer is used for determining the electrical resistance of conductor.

Salinometer is a type of hydrometer used to determine the concentration of salt solutions by measuring their densities.

Seismograph is an instrument used for recording the intensity and origin of earthquake shocks.

Sextant is an instrument used for measurement of angular distances between two objects.

Spectroscope is an instrument used for spectrum analysis.

Spectrometer is a type of spectroscope so calibrated as to make it suitable for the precise measurement of refractive indices.

Spherometer is an instrument used for accurately measuring the curvature of spherical objects.

Sphygmomanometer is an apparatus for measuring blood pressure.

Spring balance is used to measure the mass of a body. It is preferred only when quick but approximate determinations are to be carried out.

Stereoscope is an optical device to see two dimensional pictures as having depth and solidity.

Stethoscope is a medical instrument for hearing and analyzing the sound of heart and lungs.

Stroboscope is an instrument used for viewing the objects moving rapidly with a periodic motion and to see them as if they were at rest.

Tangent galvanometer is an instrument for measuring the strength of direct current.

Telemeter is an apparatus for recording physical events happening at a distance.

Teleprinter is a communication medium for automatic sending, receiving and printing of telegraphic message from distant places.

Telescope is an instrument for viewing distant objects as magnified.

Television is an instrument used for transmitting the visible moving images by means of wireless waves.

Thermometer is an instrument to measure the temperature.

Thermoscope is used for measuring the temperature change (approximately) of the substances by nothing the corresponding change in volume.

Thermostat is an automatic device for regulating constant tempera-tures.

Transistor is a small device which may be used to amplify currents and perform other functions usually performed by a thermionic value.

Vernier is an adjustable scale with marking of 10 sub-divisions of one-tenth of an inch or any other suitable marking for measuring small sub-divisions of scale.

Viscometer is an instrument for measuring the viscosity, i.e. the property of resistance of a fluid to relative motion within itself.

Voltmeter is an instrument to measure potential difference between two points.

BRANCHES OF STUDIES

Branch	Concerning Field
Aerodynamics	The study of the motion of gas on objects and the forces created
Aeronautics	Science of fligt of airplanes.
Agronomy	Science dealing with crop plant.
Anatomy	The study of the structure and organization of living things
Angiology	Deals with the study of blood vascular system.
Anthology	Study of flower.
Anthropology	The study of human cultures both past and present. Study of apes and man.
Apiculture	Honey industries (Bee Keeping).
Araneology	Study of spiders.
Archaeology	The study of the material remains of cultures
Astronomy	The study of celestial objects in the universe. Study of heavenly bodies.
Astrophysics	The study of the physics of the universe
Bacteriology	The study of bacteria in relation to disease
Batracology	Study of frogs.
Biochemistry	The study of the organic chemistry of compounds and processes occurring in organisms
Biology	The science that studies living organisms
Biophysics	The application of theories and methods of the physical sciences to questions of biology
Biotechnology	Deals with the use of micro-organisms in commercial processes for producing fine chemicals such as drugs; vaccines; hormones,etc. on a large scale.
Botany	The scientific study of plant life
Cardiology	Study of heart.
Chemical Engineering	The application of science, mathematics, and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms
Chemistry	The science of matter and its interactions with energy and itself
Climatology	The study of climates and investigations of its phenomena and causes
Computer Science	The systematic study of computing systems and computation
Craniology	Study of skulls.
Cryogenics	Study concerning with the application and uses of very low temperature.
Cryptography	Study of secret writing.
Cytology	Study of cells.
Dermatology	Study of skin.
Ecology	The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
Electronics	Science and technology of electronic phenomena
Engineering	The practical application of science to commerce or industry
Entomology	The study of insects
Environmental Science	The science of the interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological components of the environment
Etiology	Study of cause of insects.
Eugenics	Study of improvment of human race by applying laws of heredity. it is related with future generations.
Evolution	Deals with the study of origin of new from old.
Exbiology	Deals with life or possibilities of life beyond the earth.
Floriculture	Study of flower yeilding plants.
Forestry	The science of studying and managing forests and plantations, and related natural resources
Genetics	The science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms
Geology	The Study of science of the earth, its structure, and history
Gerontology	study of growing old.
Gynaecology	Study of female reproductive organs.
Haematology	Study of blood.
Hepatology	Study of liver.
Horticulture	Study of garden cultivation.
Iconography	Teachings by pictures and models.
Immunology	Science which deals with the study of resistance of organisms against infection.
Jurisprudence	Science of law.
Kalology	Study of human beauty.
Lexicography	Compiling of dictionary.
Marine Biology	The study of animal and plant life within saltwater ecosystems
Mathematics	A science dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement
Medicine	The science concerned with maintaining health and restoring it by treating disease
Meteorology	Study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting
Microbiology	The study of microorganisms, including viruses, prokaryotes and simple eukaryotes
Mineralogy	The study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals
Molecular Biology	The study of biology at a molecular level
Mycology	Study of fungi.
Myology	Study of muscles.
Nephrology	Study of kidneys.
Neurology	The branch of medicine dealing with the nervous system and its disorders
Nuclear Physics	The branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom
Numismatics	Study of coins and medals.
Obstetrics	Branch of medicine dealing with pregnancy.
Oceanography	Study of the earth’s oceans and their interlinked ecosystems and chemical and physical processes
Omithology	Study of birds.
Oneirology	Study of dreams.
Ophthalmology	Study of eyes .
Organic Chemistry	The branch of chemistry dedicated to the study of the structures, synthesis, and reactions of carbon-containing compounds
Ornithology	The study of birds
Osteology	Study of bones.
Paleontology	The study of life-forms existing in former geological time periods
Pathology	Study of disease causing organisms.
Pedology	Stydy of soils.
Petrology	The geological and chemical study of rocks
Philately	Stamp collecting.
Philology	Study of languages.
Phonetics	Concerning the sounds of a language.
Phycology	Study of algae.
Physics	The study of the behavior and properties of matter
Physiography	Natural phenomenon.
Physiology	The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms
Pisciculture	Study of fish.
Pomology	Study of fruits.
Psychology	Study of the mind and behaviour
Radiology	The branch of medicine dealing with the applications of radiant energy, including x-rays and radioisotopes
Seismology	The study of earthquakes and the movement of waves through the earth
Sericulture	Silk industry(culture of silk moth and pupa).
Serpentology	Study of snakes.
Taxonomy	The science of classification of animals and plants
Telepathy	Communication between two minds at a distance with the help of emotions, thoughts and feelings.
Thermodynamics	The physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes
Toxicology	The study of poisons and the effects of posisoning
Virology	Study of virus.
Zoology	The study of animals